Heat olive oil and garlic in a large, high-sided skillet or frying pan over medium-high heat. Sauté garlic for 4-5 minutes until golden brown. Remove browned garlic with a slotted spatula and discard.
Unroll the chicken thighs and season both sides with salt and black pepper, to taste. Add chicken to hot skillet and brown on both sides, approximately 3-4 minutes per side.
Add just enough chicken broth to the skillet to cover about one-third of the chicken thighs. Cover and reduce heat to medium-low. Simmer for 40-45 minutes until the chicken is pull-apart tender.
Once tender, carefully shred the chicken with 2 forks while still in the skillet. Add corn kernels, black beans, chopped tomatoes, jalapeño pepper, cumin, chili powder, oregano, and cayenne pepper to the skillet and top off with the remaining chicken stock. Stir to combine and season with additional salt and black pepper, to taste.
Increase the heat to medium and simmer for 15 minutes until heated through. If time permits, simmer longer to give flavors more time to mingle.
Remove from heat and stir in juice from 2 whole limes and fresh cilantro. Serve immediately with remaining lime wedges. Enjoy!